{"id":22,"date":"2021-11-11T17:33:27","date_gmt":"2021-11-11T17:33:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/exploreirishancestry.com\/?p=22"},"modified":"2021-11-11T17:40:56","modified_gmt":"2021-11-11T17:40:56","slug":"irish-famine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/exploreirishancestry.com\/irish-famine\/","title":{"rendered":"The Irish Potato Famine And Genealogy"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Were your ancestors or relatives living in Ireland during the Irish Potato Famine?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The failure of three annual potato crops led to the emigration of one and a half million people, mostly to the United States and Canada. The disaster plays a massive part in the family tree of so many people of Irish ancestry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This article gives you the context of events with a focus on what genealogy records are available for your research into family history.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_63 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title \" >Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/exploreirishancestry.com\/irish-famine\/#What_Conditions_Led_To_The_Irish_Famine_Of_1845\" title=\"What Conditions Led To The Irish Famine Of 1845?\">What Conditions Led To The Irish Famine Of 1845?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/exploreirishancestry.com\/irish-famine\/#Smaller_and_smaller_plots_of_land\" title=\"Smaller and smaller plots of land\">Smaller and smaller plots of land<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/exploreirishancestry.com\/irish-famine\/#Did_The_Irish_Only_Eat_Potatoes_At_This_Time\" title=\"Did The Irish Only Eat Potatoes At This Time?\">Did The Irish Only Eat Potatoes At This Time?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/exploreirishancestry.com\/irish-famine\/#The_Change_Of_Potato_That_Led_To_The_Blight\" title=\"The Change Of Potato That Led To The Blight\">The Change Of Potato That Led To The Blight<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/exploreirishancestry.com\/irish-famine\/#Arrival_Of_The_Potato_Blight\" title=\"Arrival Of The Potato Blight\">Arrival Of The Potato Blight<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/exploreirishancestry.com\/irish-famine\/#What_Did_The_Potato_Blight_Look_Like\" title=\"What Did The Potato Blight Look Like?\">What Did The Potato Blight Look Like?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/exploreirishancestry.com\/irish-famine\/#Devastating_Impact_Of_Two_Blights\" title=\"Devastating Impact Of Two Blights\">Devastating Impact Of Two Blights<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/exploreirishancestry.com\/irish-famine\/#What_about_other_food_sources\" title=\"What about other food sources?\">What about other food sources?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/exploreirishancestry.com\/irish-famine\/#What_Did_The_Government_Do\" title=\"What Did The Government Do?\">What Did The Government Do?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/exploreirishancestry.com\/irish-famine\/#Relief_Work_Projects\" title=\"Relief Work Projects\">Relief Work Projects<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/exploreirishancestry.com\/irish-famine\/#Second_Blight_Disaster\" title=\"Second Blight Disaster\">Second Blight Disaster<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/exploreirishancestry.com\/irish-famine\/#Soup_Kitchens_During_The_Famine\" title=\"Soup Kitchens During The Famine\">Soup Kitchens During The Famine<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/exploreirishancestry.com\/irish-famine\/#Quaker_soup_kitchens\" title=\"Quaker soup kitchens\">Quaker soup kitchens<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/exploreirishancestry.com\/irish-famine\/#Workhouses_During_The_Famine\" title=\"Workhouses During The Famine\">Workhouses During The Famine<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/exploreirishancestry.com\/irish-famine\/#The_Third_Potato_Blight\" title=\"The Third Potato Blight\">The Third Potato Blight<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/exploreirishancestry.com\/irish-famine\/#Botched_Relief_Efforts\" title=\"Botched Relief Efforts\">Botched Relief Efforts<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/exploreirishancestry.com\/irish-famine\/#Evictions_During_The_Famine\" title=\"Evictions During The Famine\">Evictions During The Famine<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/exploreirishancestry.com\/irish-famine\/#How_Did_The_Irish_Potato_Famine_End\" title=\"How Did The Irish Potato Famine End?\">How Did The Irish Potato Famine End?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_Conditions_Led_To_The_Irish_Famine_Of_1845\"><\/span>What Conditions Led To The Irish Famine Of 1845?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The majority of people in Ireland in the first half of the 19th Century were completely dependent on the potato as their main source of food.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tenant farmers mostly grew potato crops. This meant that a potato blight in 1845 that devastated crops resulted in a disastrous impact on the population.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>About seven in eight people in Ireland resided outside towns or built-up areas. However, few owned the land on which they acted as tenants or laborers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Most tenant farmers had no security of tenure. In other words, landowners could evict them whenever they wanted. This could be for failure to pay rent or any other reason.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>You may find genealogy records that show an ancestor or relative had a life lease on the land. This was quite rare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Smaller_and_smaller_plots_of_land\"><\/span>Smaller and smaller plots of land<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Most of the land in Ireland was in the hands of wealthy landlords of Anglo-Irish or English heritage. Many were absentee landlords residing in England. They used local agents to collect their rent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Irish farmers tended to divide the land that they leased amongst their sons. The sons in turn would further divide their plots amongst their own descendants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This led to many families depending on tiny plots of land to feed themselves and pay their rent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Did_The_Irish_Only_Eat_Potatoes_At_This_Time\"><\/span>Did The Irish Only Eat Potatoes At This Time?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>It\u2019s not true that potatoes were the only source of food. Many small farms would keep chickens. Some would have a single milking cow. And some would sow oats alongside the potato crops.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The eggs, milk, and butter would extend a family meal. The produce could also be sold or used as part payment for rent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Aside from that, the potatoes were only available to eat from the harvest in August to about May the following year. During the summer, families ate their oats or bought oatmeal to sustain themselves until the next harvest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Change_Of_Potato_That_Led_To_The_Blight\"><\/span>The Change Of Potato That Led To The Blight<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Different types of potatoes grow best on different types of land. The most nutritious types didn\u2019t grow well on land of poor quality.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, other types could grow in abundance on smaller and stonier plots. As the tenant farms got smaller and smaller, the farmers switched to a knobbly type of potato known as the Lumper.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I\u2019ve never eaten a Lumper, but people who have say that it\u2019s got a waxy or soapy taste. Food scientists say that it was much less nutritious in terms of vitamins.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The tragedy was that the Lumper was not resistant to a blight that arrived in the country in 1845.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Arrival_Of_The_Potato_Blight\"><\/span>Arrival Of The Potato Blight<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The scientific name for this blight is Phytophthora Infestans. This infectious blight didn\u2019t originate on the island of Ireland.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It had already appeared in Europe with newspapers running reports of the failure of potato crops. However, the rest of Europe wasn\u2019t dependent on potatoes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A Dublin newspaper ran a report in September 1845 of the first known attack of the disease in Ireland.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>You can find Irish newspapers of the time on various online archives.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_Did_The_Potato_Blight_Look_Like\"><\/span>What Did The Potato Blight Look Like?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>An early sign that a crop was attacked was from the potato leaves. The leaves turned black and curled up at the edges.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This was an outer sign that the potato was going black beneath the skin. The tuber was rotting within itself.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>With so many potatoes going rotten in a crop, the fields produced a putrid smell so strong that it was almost overpowering.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Devastating_Impact_Of_Two_Blights\"><\/span>Devastating Impact Of Two Blights<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The accounts of the first potato blight are horrific in terms of the hardship suffered by so many people.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Villagers scratched in the fields for remnants of any edible plants such as a few turnips sown with the potato crop. I mentioned that farmers<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When people died of starvation, their family members were too weak to dig the traditional deep graves. This led to dogs and foxes digging up bodies from shallow graves.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>At the time, deportation to Australia was a sentence for some types of criminal offenses. It\u2019s known that some resorted to crime in order to get onto a deportation ship out of the country.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>You can find records of the deportation ships for genealogy research.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_about_other_food_sources\"><\/span>What about other food sources?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>I mentioned that some farms grew oats alongside their potato crops. These should have been an alternative source of food when the potato crop failed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, landlords refused to let them harvest more than a quarter until the rent was paid.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This was a form of insurance for the landowner. Their agents would inspect the fields and hire people to enforce the policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_Did_The_Government_Do\"><\/span>What Did The Government Do?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>I won\u2019t go into the politics of the time, except to mention that the philosophy of the elite classes was against government \u201cinterference\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sir Robert Peel was the British Prime Minister of the day. To his credit, he set up a Relief Commission in late 1845 to distribute grain to starving people.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This fell short of what we\u2019d expect now, but it was better than nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Relief_Work_Projects\"><\/span>Relief Work Projects<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The philosophy of the day was against government \u201ccharity\u201d. So, they set up public works projects such as road building so that people could earn money for food.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There were many problems with these schemes. For a start, the wage of a shilling per day wasn\u2019t enough to feed a family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To make matters worse, some workers were too weak from hunger to finish a working day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>And there weren\u2019t enough places to meet the needs of the population.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Second_Blight_Disaster\"><\/span>Second Blight Disaster<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>There had been previous potato blights in Ireland. So, why was this one so devastating? Well, one of the reasons is that it didn\u2019t strike just once.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The following year, the blight struck again and the potato crops failed across the country in 1846.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>People had pinned their hopes on eking out an existence until the next harvest. This second failure was a disaster.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Soup_Kitchens_During_The_Famine\"><\/span>Soup Kitchens During The Famine<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The relief works continued with 500 thousand people on the books in 1847. That still wasn\u2019t enough places for what was needed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Government realized that they had to provide food for free more widely. They brought in the Soup Kitchen Act to distribute food from official stations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The portions from these official stations were often tiny and the food was very poor quality.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Quaker_soup_kitchens\"><\/span>Quaker soup kitchens<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>However, the Quakers (the Society Of Friends) had stepped in to set up their own soup kitchens. They were considered to be far more helpful to the impoverished people. They didn\u2019t assign fault to the situation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I\u2019d say that modern Irish think back with gratitude to the efforts of the Quakers at this time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The folk memory of the official effort is far less fond (I\u2019m being polite, it\u2019s still a source of enmity).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Workhouses_During_The_Famine\"><\/span>Workhouses During The Famine<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>By the end of 1847, the official Soup Kitchens were replaced by the use of the workhouses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>People who couldn\u2019t physically work could get food and relief away from the workhouse. However, the rest of the unemployed poor had to enter the workhouse to get government aid.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The conditions inside the workhouses themselves were awful. People were more likely to catch infectious diseases from other poor unfortunates within those damp walls.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Typhus was the worst of the human diseases. Typhus is spread by lice, which bred in the cramped workhouses. Scurvy was another affliction due to the poor diet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But many had to enter a workhouse to survive. Even then, relief was only provided to individuals for two months.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>The records of the workhouses are available for genealogy research.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Third_Potato_Blight\"><\/span>The Third Potato Blight<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The potato blight didn\u2019t strike the harvest of 1847. The problem was that the national crop was small due to so many being too weak to plant it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>With government intervention, a much larger crop was sown in March of 1848. But the third blight struck this harvest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>At this point, the Quakers had run out of funds for their soup kitchens.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The unfortunate population was reliant on a Government that made many errors even when trying to help.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Botched_Relief_Efforts\"><\/span>Botched Relief Efforts<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The government provided food relief but their policy was that people had to collect the meager rations on a daily basis. Many were too weak to make repeated journeys.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The government introduced a policy where people who had less than a quarter-acre had to give it up to get relief.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There\u2019s a point that could be argued in favor of this, as the tiny plots had contributed to the problem. But it led to great hardship for people desperate to keep their land.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Eventually, both these policies had to be done away with in face of mass starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>They levied rates on landowners to cover the cost of the relief. In theory, the landowners would recoup some of this from their rent. But the people were too poor to pay rent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Some of the larger landlords left their lands in droves i.e. sold or gave up ownership. As they weren\u2019t paying rates to the Poor Unions that distributed the food, those Unions went bankrupt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Evictions_During_The_Famine\"><\/span>Evictions During The Famine<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>I mentioned that tenant farmers had little protection or tenure. Landlords could easily evict them for late payment in rent (or any other reason).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The winter of 1847 saw the start of a period of mass evictions from estates. You might think that the landowners were at a disadvantage by a dearth of healthy replacements to work the land.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But many landowners simply moved livestock onto the land.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There were over 70,000 evictions during this time. You may have seen paintings of burning dwelling places during evictions. This was to stop the evictees from returning another day for shelter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_Did_The_Irish_Potato_Famine_End\"><\/span>How Did The Irish Potato Famine End?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>It\u2019s hard to pinpoint exactly when the Irish Famine ended. After 1848, the crops were healthier and provided food if they could be harvested.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The death toll peaked in the winter of 1847. With so many dead in a single season, there were fewer people to die in the subsequent years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It\u2019s also the case that many people had emigrated to escape the country. About one and a half million emigrated, with the majority going to the United States and Canada.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Check out our article on <a href=\"https:\/\/exploreirishancestry.com\/where-did-the-irish-settle-in-chicago\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"20\">where Irish immigrants settled in Chicago<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Were your ancestors or relatives living in Ireland during the Irish Potato Famine? The failure of three annual potato crops led to the emigration of one and a half million people, mostly to the United States and Canada. The disaster plays a massive part in the family tree of so many people of Irish ancestry. &#8230; <a title=\"The Irish Potato Famine And Genealogy\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/exploreirishancestry.com\/irish-famine\/\" aria-label=\"More on The Irish Potato Famine And Genealogy\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/exploreirishancestry.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/exploreirishancestry.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/exploreirishancestry.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/exploreirishancestry.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/exploreirishancestry.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=22"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/exploreirishancestry.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":27,"href":"https:\/\/exploreirishancestry.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22\/revisions\/27"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/exploreirishancestry.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=22"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/exploreirishancestry.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=22"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/exploreirishancestry.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=22"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}